Sunday, November 15, 2020

Is Video Game Violence Healthy for my Psyche?

Philosopher Christopher Bartell has recently posted an essay on the Aesthetics for Bird website entitled: “Why Video Game Violence Isn’t Innocent.” His brief post set off a minor electrical storm across my neocortex, just as I was getting ready to put aside my computer and take up my Virtual Reality headset.

In this essay Bartell highlights the most extreme examples of videogames that are themselves immoral, antisocial, or psychotic, and players who approach “normal” games with the rage and stupidity of their hate-filled ideals. These players, as the author says, commit acts of violence in games based on their own immoral, unethical values. “The moral relevance of our actions toward mere images is dependent on our attitudes and motivations.” 

I would hope that the majority of violence enacted in video gaming is “morally innocent,” undertaken “for purely strategic reasons having to do with the competition.” Enacting violence is how you win.

Other “innocent” enactments of violence—for the author says that there are “many reasons why players commit acts of violence in games”—are unrelated to the rules of the game: “because the violence offers a challenge, is novel, and is aesthetically rich.”

It’s a slippery slope for me, personally. I dislike games that would ask me to role play a thief or shoot a policeman, or even a war game. Yet I’ve come to love a cartoonish-looking multiplayer “paintball” game. A good friend hates the game because he feels uncomfortable targeting human players, especially friends. But my experience of “good gameplay” is that some strangers and I, when we are being mature, get a kick out of each others’ skill in dodging, shooting, hiding, and so on. We laugh and congratulate our opponent when they get in a good shot on us. There’s no hard feelings. (Hard feelings are reserved for the emotionally immature adults who respond to my good shooting with a string of profanities, but I’m learning to tell them to “bite me” with confidence.)

What of the violence I enact upon a zombie in gameplay? Yes, even in Virtual Reality the zombies can seem cartoonish, but still frightening because their sole focus is upon taking me down. I have no qualms about defending myself against their blatant attack. Of course, sometimes I get tired of the repetitive play and say “bite me” with a bit more sincerity.

Still, I may have to question whether or not violence in video gaming is good for me. At my weakest moments I justify my pleasure in shooter games (targeting zombies, robots, alien soldiers, demons, orcs) as practicing a “skill.” I’ll probably never have a chance in real life to see if I can shoot an arrow or fire a bullet into the head of a zombie, and for that I am grateful. But still, is it healthy for me? Psychologically healthy?

When I am shooting away the cartoonish-looking zombies in a game such as “Drop Dead,” I admit to moments of discomfort when one of the figures looks like me. A younger version, and thinner, and, well, deader, than I am. But it is me. And the cartoon attackers recycle, so on a good day I shoot myself over and over again.

My point is that even the cartoonish zombies signify human forms, which then sends my brain through the uncanny valley of the shadow of undeath to a land of milk and honey where real people exist, and I am not sure I would be capable of harming another individual. Unless I was insane with rage and blindly protecting myself and those I love by lashing out. Call that instinct.

Is it healthy for my psyche to be killing, to be pretending violence? Am I more than a stooge for the sports-competition industry and training myself to accept the universal military culture’s romance with aggression, dominance, and death? Should I be playing these meaningless and even boring games? Might I not be better off reading Buddhist scriptures, humming gospel tunes, murmuring mantras to Ganesh, Hanuman, Shiva and friends?

Yes, you ought to interject at this point and ask about horror films, especially zombie films, and our consumption of them. You should ask about the cinemagoing experience, whether we so totally identify with one side or the other that we are, in some way, acting as if we are playing a videogame.

OK, ‘nuff said.

Here’s the link to the Aesthetics for Birds essay by Christopher Bartell

Read it yourself and let me know, politely, what you think.

Saturday, November 14, 2020

Snyder Tweaks the Iconic Zombie, Again

Zack Snyder's upcoming Army of the Dead features a take on zombies that strays from what he calls "the zombie canon." The upcoming Netflix movie co-written by Snyder, which is expected to release sometime in 2021, is a postapocalyptic story about mercenaries who head into zombie-infested Las Vegas to pull off a heist.  

Does that sound a bit like the Train to Busan sequel?

The upcoming film, as described to ScreenRant.com by one of the main actors, will build from the kind of zombie that we already know and are scared stiff by from Snyder's remake of Dawn of the Dead. As the actor said: "It's different. ... Zombies are scary. I'll tell you that. Zombies are really fast and scary." (ScreenRant.com)

Fast and scary? But this is the controversial zombie that Snyder offered the world with his very frightening Dawn of the Dead. Does Snyder or his crew think we’ve forgotten? (I’m sure some still haven’t forgiven, but that’s another topic.)

Snyder offered some more insight with his plot summary:

“A zombie plague hits Vegas, and they’re able to contain the virus to the city – they build a wall out of shipping containers. And then the city falls. And six years later, one of the casino owners hires this group of zombie soldiers to go get his money that he left in a safe in the casino.” (Bloody Disgusting)

Perhaps more worrying is Snyder’s promise that as director and producer he is free to do what he wants: “There are no handcuffs on me at all with this one,” he said. Army of the Dead “will be the most kick-ass, self-aware — but not in a wink-to-the-camera way — balls-to-the-wall zombie freakshow that anyone has ever seen.” (BloodyDisgusting)

Somehow this makes me worry. Too many lesser artists than Snyder have fallen into the trap of turning the zombie narrative into an action film, removing the heart from what could be another story about what it means to be human. But I will say nothing more until I can actually see the film when it releases on Netflix next year.

Netflix is already planning a franchise around the title. The company announced in early September 2020 that it had ordered a prequel film and an anime series set in the same universe.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

DCeased! More Superheroes, Supervillains, and Zombies

Confession: I do not normally have access to comic books. And that's partly why I've completely missed the May 2019 arrival of the zombie pandemic in the DC comics superhero universe. The "DCeased" storyline looks fascinating. As an initial review on the videogame website IGN summarizes:

The villainous Darkseid spreads a "techno-organic virus" that infects the world's computer networks and spreads to humans "through anything with a screen." This new virus, which ultimately infects some 600 million people, causes victims to rip at their own flesh and eventually become overwhelmed with violent rage.

The series is a vehicle for Batman, and focuses on how the crime fighter (who is, unlike his fellow superheroes, only human) can survive a pandemic that alters the human brain.

In February 2020 DC Comics began sales of the second six-issue series in the DCeased universe: "DCeased: Unkillables." The continuation focuses on the supervillains and their reaction to the zombie pandemic. As of this post, "DCeased: Unkillables" has released three issues. In August 2020 "DCeased: the Unkillables" will be sold as a print collection of all the individual issues, marketed as Volume 2 of the collected editions.

As pandemic lockdowns have no doubt taken a large bite from the comic book retail industry, DC Comics on 19 May 2020 began offering an online supplementary series to the DCeased storyline. This web-only comic called "DCeased: Hope at World's End."

The digital "DCeased: Hope at World's End" series will, according to the IGN website quoting from a DC Comic press release, provide "greater insight" into the fates of other heroes fighting the "Anti-Life Zombie Plague," including Superman, Wonder Woman, Robin, and Martian Manhunter. Expected to run for 14 chapters, with one going online each week, "Hope at World's End" is to be accessible via the DC Comics app, Amazon's ComiXology app, and other digital platforms. It is possible that the online comic will someday be released in a print format.


Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Tamil Zomcom that Couldn't Avoid Making Serious Social Commentary


In his 2019 Tamil comedy Zombie, Indian filmmaker Bhuvan Nullan R. set out to spoof the zombie genre, a personal project undertaken “for fun” that Tamil filmgoing audiences unfamiliar with zombie films could enjoy. 

In an online post, the director/writer emphasized the film was made, he says, “Just for own audience,” or Tamil viewers who are comfortable with the style of physical and verbal comedy more common to slapstick comedies produced by the thriving film industry of Tamil Nadu in Southern India, sometimes referred to with the portmanteau “Kollywood.”

While Bhuvan Nullan R. has certainly met his goal of spoofing the genre, with at least one very specific visual reference to Shaun of the Dead and the 2016 blockbuster Tamil zombie-action film Miruthan, he apparently couldn’t stop himself from allowing the opening pre-titles sequence from being an offhand criticism of social, economic, and judicial inequalities that encourage environmental abuses and unregulated capitalism. 



As with the 2016 internationally acclaimed South Korean film Train to Busan, zombie troubles fall off the back of a farmer’s truck, but the trail of origin usually leads back to an industrial accident.


In Bhuvan Nullan R.’s zomcom, it is a farmer who dumps a handful of dead chickens into a small pond, perhaps preferring to hide what might be a disease outbreak at his farm and avoid the government forcing a full cull of his flock. 



The camera focus shifts to a man who has witnessed the illegal dumping. The man, perhaps an impoverished vagrant, collects the birds from the water. The trash-strewn pond is fed by two large concrete sewage pipes.


As the man  gathers the carcasses into a bag, the camera shifts back into a long-distance aerial shot that reveals the pond water is connected to a large factory belching industrial strength smoke.




The bird’s eye view then cuts to a series of close-ups that show money changing hands, after which the chickens are shown being washed, plucked, and butchered.



The camera switches to a wider shot of the chicken cutlets being wheeled into a large restaurant kitchen by a cook who will deep fry them for the final service to the guests of a private resort where a party is being held.

The film title is then displayed in an animation that begins with an angry chicken’s eye that morphs into Tamil language letters that offer up a phonetic rendition of the English word “zombie.” An animated chicken leg bats away one part of the third letter and the full word is revealed before the title flips around to be replaced by an English-language title.


In both Tamil and English titles the characters/letters include “portions” of a face, including a wicked and toothy grin and an eye. Also included in both titles are a grasping arm to replace an empty space within a letter, a bandage wrapping, and a dash of stitches that demand reference to the iconic monster of James Whale’s 1931 adaptation of Frankenstein.


In the Tamil title, the final character is stylishly designed as a rooster’s comb, a trick that is lost in translation. (I wonder if Bhuvan Nullan R. is familiar with the 2006 splatstick Poultrygeist, an over-the-top farce whose stylized title was nowhere near as visually creative as his dual-language offering.)

I have to wonder why the designer of these creatively stylized titles chose to shape letters into stereotypical feminine images. In both languages, the radicals at the start and end of the word are abstracted into red high-heeled shoes. Another character (the English "i") is recognizably shaped as a lipstick container. Why this suggested feminization of the word “zombie?” It may be that the first victims of the film’s zombification are mostly women who eat the chicken at a barbecue hosted by the vacation resort. I do hope it is not in any way a suggestion that women are associated with both clucking hens or zombie outbreaks.

Indeed, one of the only truly disturbing aspects of Bhuvan Nullan R.’s film is the depiction of two men who see themselves as flirting with a woman they do not recognize is a zombie. These men also do not recognize they are behaving as sexual predators, displaying behavior that could only be identified as harassment and grossly disrespectful of both women and adult men. Surely some viewers will find comedy in this, but for any male viewer with an EQ above that of a delinquent adolescent, this will be the place where the zombie comedy becomes an embarrassing display of actual horror.

This entire sequence from the opening shots of the farmer’s truck to the animated title takes up almost six minutes, followed by almost two-and-a-half minutes of credits offered on a background of animated microbes, ever shifting and multiplying.

Overall, Zombie is a pleasant film built upon the comedy of cuteness available in the fat male body and the ordinary male face, and of course the charm of actors knowingly going too far in their characterizations of the clueless and powerless. I'll try to come back to this film again in future posts.


INTERVIEWS WITH BHUVAN NULLAN R.

No Heroes or Heroines in 'Zombie'

This Film Will Pave the Way

Cast and Director TV Appearance (in Tamil)

Official Zombie Trailer (no subtitles)

Monday, May 11, 2020

Today's Pandemic will Shape Tomorrow's Zombie Narrative


Zombie films are often little more than cookie-cutter re-tellings of the basic storyline set by the early works of George Romero. But even with this overwhelming tendency to tell the same story over and over again, there are forces that shape important aspects of better-quality film and fiction. Stronger works of storytelling within the postapocalyptic zombie genre may display a very different “tone” because of their origins within different historical time frames.

In a blog post at theCBR.com website, Peter Foy suggests we are living in a historical moment that is inevitably going to find expression in future works of fiction within the postapocalyptic zombie genre.

“Art is heavily influenced by catastrophe,” Foy says, and so it is likely that the experience of the Wuhan Pneumonia pandemic will shape the zombie narratives that will be written by survivors of this ongoing pandemic. Popular entertainment products in these genres will reflect the experiences and emotions of those who have undergone quarantines—voluntary or otherwise. These fictions will be told by those who have witnessed people sickened or killed by the unknown strain of coronavirus that brought misery to China before spreading to worldwide and making a fool of Western assumptions of preparation.

To support his argument, Foy notes that the Zombie Renaissance (using Kyle William Bishop’s term) followed immediately after the horrific 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA and subsequent nightmarish scenarios such as Hurricane Katrina and the “Great Recession.”

Foy sees in the changing nature of films produced some 10 years after the 2001 terror attack, works such as Outbreak, the influence of expanding time and the shortening of the public memory. Time is like that proverbial train in the titular Tom Waits song: it looks smaller the farther it goes from the station. With more distance from the events of 9/11, zombie narratives become less socio-politically relevant, seeming to “lose interest in commenting on the world at large.” Foy’s criticism specifically aims at The Walking Dead, a show that builds on displays of viscera but lacks “the gravity” of an earlier zombie narrative such as 28 Days Later.

My own argument is that the changing influence of American presidents also shaped the zombie narrative, and a film such as Outbreak reflects not so much the years grown long and memory fallen short after the terrorist attacks, but the experience of a new potentiality inherent in the Obama Administration’s successful selling of the “Keep Hope Alive” campaign theme. I also confess that even the visceral appeal of The Walking Dead cannot completely hide some of the show’s strong sociopolitical and metaphysical commentary.

So, how might the current pandemic reveal itself in future postapocalyptic zombie narratives?

Foy says zombie films are “likely to be even darker in the future, but they might strive for more attempts at realism.” I’d have to agree with Foy’s argument if he is suggesting another wave of nihilism is on its way. The zombie genre has always been nihilistic, although the “Obama zombie” offered variations on the degree of nihilism displayed in the narratives. I believe we are already seeing the rise of the “Trump zombie” in films such as Patient Zero, which portrays the zombie as a new race committed to making the world a better place through aggression. Even the zomcom Zombieland sequel displays a loyalty to the idea that the enemy of the future is not the zombie, but the pacifist-artist.

What does Foy mean by his suggestion that post-pandemic zombie narratives will attempt to attain greater “realism?” Apparently he is expressing the same argument made by the investors who forced George Romero to add something to Night of the Living Dead explaining why the dead were rising. As Foy says: “While today's zombie fiction occasionally touches on biology, for the most part, creators haven't expressed too much interest in giving scientific explanations for what makes the dead reanimate and attack the living. Perhaps future zombie shows and movies will apply more medical jargon to make the uprisings feel more palpable.” Perhaps.

Right now the most horrible consideration has been how life echoes art, with people displaying many of the unstable and aggressive behaviors that postapocalyptic zombie narratives have often portrayed. Here I’m thinking of the housing community in Beijing that blocked entrance to any but those who live there, or the forced removal of infected individuals to quarantine “hospitals” in Wuhan that were little more than warehouses for the dying.

And of course “social distancing” rules and regulated home quarantines have led to a lot of unusual social media activity, the crashing of entire economies, the hoarding of supplies, and even shooting incidents. We have seen all of these in zombie films, haven’t we? And with nihilism being an almost essential quality of the genre, we know that it doesn’t always come out well in the end.

Foy is right in seeing that the Wuhan Pneumonia Pandemic “will eventually pass, but the impact it has on art will likely remain with us for much longer.”


Sunday, May 10, 2020

Skeptic of Indian Horror Cinema Finds Hope in "Betaal"


“The Indian film industry can do a lot of things, but it's a proven fact that the horror genre is not a part of that. Time and time again, most of the horror movies and shows to come out of Bollywood end up being more funny than scary and it's kinda sad.”

 Confession: I am the last person in the world who can comment on this, but with all my heart I would like to be able to say she’s off-target here. Unfortunately, I haven’t seen enough Indian films within the horror genre to give an honest reply. 

 I am, however, delighted that Bhatia, among many others, is excited about the upcoming launch of Betaal. She is excited by the trailer for what she says looks like Betaal will be “a zombie horror-thriller, “and we definitely have a dearth of that in India.”

 If I’m excited it is that the narrative is to be built around a battle between the Indian police in a small town and an army of undead commanded by an Indian officer of the colonial British Army, Is this going to be an Indian addition to the slew of “Nazi zombie” films that dragged along on the coattails of Dead Snow? But in this version, it is the revenant colonial servant who does battle with contemporary postcolonial representatives of independent, democratic India?

 Betaal is due for a May 24 (2020) release on Netflix. The series will star Viineet Kumar, Aahana Kumra and Suchitra Pillai in the lead, produced by world-famous actor Shah Rukh Khan in cooperation with Blumhouse Films. The series was created, directed, and written by Patrick Graham, the man behind the supernatural horror series Ghoul

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Unmasking the Horror Behind "The Girl in the Video" (Part 3)


In the previous post I briefly considered how author Michael David Wilson develops horror in his new novella—The Girl in the Video—through the suggestion that even the most innocent use of social media emotionally weakens his narrator-protagonist and opens him up to the unwanted, dangerous attentions of a psychotic stalker.  

In this third and final brief post I will focus on social media and surveillance technologies as the tools that enable “the girl in the video” to hunt and hurt her target. I begin this post by suggesting that the ubiquitous nature of social media and related communications and surveillance technologies have changed the rules that once dictated what correct behavior within most societies is. It is not necessarily a change for the better, as Wilson’s novella suggests in its portrayal of the psychopathic stalker who is targeting his narrator.
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Every well-functioning human group is built upon a set of expectations—limitations provided in the form of cultural taboos or legislation backed by actual state power—that determine how individuals behave in a way conducive to the safety and orderly operations of the community.

One major area of concern for the smooth-functioning society is “privacy,” a “dynamic and temporal” concept that is learned through individual interactions. Societies teach their members what is acceptable and unacceptable regarding privacy. “Privacy is a cultural compact to protect the space of individuals” so that each person can function properly within and to the benefit of the larger society, notes David H. Holtzman in his book, Privacy Lost. Technology and the ever-expanding “realm of the possible” are constantly re-shaping concepts of privacy, Holtzman says.

Michael David Wilson develops horror in The Girl in the Video from the dissonance created when two irreconcilable cultural concepts of “privacy” clash. This terrifying discord at the heart of Wilson’s narrative is born when Freddie and his wife Rachel—both British expats teaching English in Japan—realize that their cultural notions of what is private are challenged by a psychopathic stalker who threatens not only their personal privacy but their lives, as well.

In many ways, Wilson’s novella is a critique of social media. The short work presents social media as a window that gives the public a view of the private realm. Going one step further, the technological prowess of the stalker enables her an unimaginable power of invasive surveillance.

The stalker—the anonymous “girl in the video”—is a product of the social media culture. Her concepts of “public and private” are shaped by the technology that allows and even encourages her to ignore the cultural expectations of both Western and Asian societies delineating what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.

To a large extent, the girl in the video fits the profile of a heavy social media user as extrapolated by various research studies: she is narcissistic and displays signs of addiction in her becoming upset when denied the fulfillment of constant acknowledgment.  She desires recognition from Freddie, a craving that is actually a hunger for control masked by expressions of love. Psychological profiles of real world stalkers have revealed this urge for power over another person as the motivation behind the predatory behaviors of observation and pursuit. Freddie’s narrative as a victim of his stalker provides a textbook example of psychopathic predation, from the invasiveness of unwanted communication to physical intimidation and the use of violence.

But always at the center of this novella is a critique of social media and the advances in surveillance technology that shape the psyches of both the victim and the predator. As a victim, Freddie’s use of social media does nothing to boost his self-confidence at an especially stressful period in his life. Freddie’s terror builds with his slow realization that an anonymous psychopath, a gifted hacker, is using readily available surveillance tools to observe, interpret, and invade his own mind. He feels responsible as a user of social media for opening himself up to the attentions of this stalker, and is overwhelmed with guilt for having responded to the girl’s brilliant use of erotic subliminal messaging and hypnotic suggestion. “What the hell was wrong with me?”

His psychic vulnerability made worse by the stress of his victimization, Freddie goes so far as to doubt his own memories of innocence when faced with threats of unspecified blackmail by the girl in the video. “You need to take me seriously, Freddie,” she warns. “I have something on you, something you thought you’d buried a long time ago. So don’t fuck with me.” And much to his own horror, Freddie has come to believe the stalker’s psychotic threats are based on some long-buried misbehavior rather than being products of a psychopath’s fantasy. It is the insecurity of thinking he deserves his own victimization and is responsible for the nightmarish acts of the girl in the video that finally sends Freddie over the edge.

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Watch the Weird Reads YouTube review of The Girl in the Video

Read the Cemetery Dance Online review of The Girl in the Video

Read what Kendall Reviews has to say about The Girl in the Video

Listen to Michael David Wilson talk about The Girl in the Video on the Booked Podcast

Listen to an Interview with Michael David Wilson about The Girl in the Video on the This is Horror Podcast

PURCHASE YOUR COPY OF THE GIRL IN THE VIDEO FROM PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE PUBLICATIONS 
(Links available to Amazon and other online booksellers)